[USA] Conducted Energy Devices: Development of Standards for Consistency and Guidance : The Creation of National CED Policy and Training Guidelines / US. Department of Justice. Office of Community Oriented Policing Services, February 2007
PDF - http://www.cops.usdoj.gov/mime/open.pdf?Item=1967
James M. Cronin ; Joshua A. Ederheimer
"Law enforcement leaders are constantly striving to identify new strategies to encourage safe encounters between police officers and violent persons. One aspect of encouraging positive outcomes during such encounters is by focusing attention on developing less lethal strategies that balance minimal use of force with the operational necessity of arresting or disarming individuals."